.research-page {
  --research-accent: oklch(58% 0.14 296);
  --research-accent-soft: oklch(83% 0.06 296);
  --research-coral: oklch(68% 0.16 35);
  --research-signal: oklch(88% 0.18 96);
  --research-positive: oklch(65% 0.16 148);
  --research-negative: oklch(65% 0.18 28);
}

.research-theme-speed {
  --research-accent: oklch(48% 0.16 250);
  --research-accent-soft: oklch(88% 0.04 250);
  --research-positive: oklch(48% 0.14 150);
}

.research-index,
.research-article-page {
  max-width: 1120px;
}

.research-intro {
  display: grid;
  gap: 14px;
  padding: 88px 8px 34px;
}

.research-intro h1 {
  max-width: 920px;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(54px, 9vw, 108px);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.045em;
  line-height: 0.95;
}

.research-intro > p:not(.eyebrow) {
  max-width: 660px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.research-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 0 8px 32px;
}

.research-card {
  display: grid;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius-card);
  background: var(--panel-bg);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  transition: transform 160ms ease, box-shadow 160ms ease;
}

.research-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.research-cover {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  overflow: hidden;
  min-height: 240px;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  background-color: var(--canvas-bg);
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(var(--canvas-grid-strong) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, var(--canvas-grid-strong) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 28px 28px;
  place-items: center;
}

.research-cover::after {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  content: "";
  pointer-events: none;
}

.research-cover-arrows {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 18% auto auto 8%;
  display: grid;
  gap: 18px;
  width: 38%;
}

.research-cover-arrow {
  position: relative;
  height: 18px;
  background: var(--research-accent);
}

.research-cover-arrow::after {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 50% -18px auto auto;
  width: 34px;
  height: 34px;
  border-top: 18px solid var(--research-accent);
  border-right: 18px solid var(--research-accent);
  content: "";
  transform: translateY(-50%) rotate(45deg);
}

.research-cover-arrow.is-return {
  background: var(--research-coral);
}

.research-cover-arrow.is-return::after {
  inset: 50% auto auto -18px;
  border-color: transparent transparent var(--research-coral) var(--research-coral);
}

.research-cover-stats {
  position: absolute;
  inset: auto 7% 12% auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 16px);
  gap: 7px;
}

.research-cover-stats i {
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  background: var(--research-accent-soft);
}

.research-cover-stats i:nth-child(2),
.research-cover-stats i:nth-child(6) {
  background: var(--research-coral);
}

.research-cover-stats i:nth-child(4) {
  background: var(--research-signal);
}

.research-speed-cover {
  align-items: stretch;
  justify-items: stretch;
}

.research-speed-scale {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 28% 8% auto;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--research-accent) 0 20%, var(--text) 20% 100%);
}

.research-speed-scale::before,
.research-speed-scale::after,
.research-speed-marker {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  width: 9px;
  height: 9px;
  background: var(--text);
  content: "";
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}

.research-speed-scale::before {
  left: 0;
}

.research-speed-scale::after {
  left: 100%;
}

.research-speed-marker {
  left: 20%;
  background: var(--research-signal);
}

.research-speed-ticks {
  position: absolute;
  inset: -7px 0 auto;
  height: 17px;
  background: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0 8%, var(--text) 8% calc(8% + 1px));
  opacity: 0.56;
}

.research-speed-cover-bars {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 48% 9% 12% 28%;
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
  align-content: end;
}

.research-speed-cover-bars i {
  height: 13px;
  background: var(--research-positive);
}

.research-speed-cover-bars i:nth-child(1) {
  width: 38%;
}

.research-speed-cover-bars i:nth-child(2) {
  width: 68%;
}

.research-speed-cover-bars i:nth-child(3) {
  width: 100%;
}

.research-card-body {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 20px;
}

.research-card-body h2 {
  max-width: 16ch;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(30px, 4vw, 44px);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  line-height: 1.04;
}

.research-card-body > p:not(.eyebrow),
.research-card-meta,
.research-index-note {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.research-card-meta {
  color: var(--text);
}

.research-index-note {
  max-width: 680px;
  margin: 0 8px 72px;
  padding-top: 20px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-article-page .post-breadcrumb {
  padding-bottom: 12px;
}

.research-paper {
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius-panel);
  background: var(--panel-bg);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.research-hero {
  display: grid;
  gap: 24px;
  padding: clamp(36px, 7vw, 84px) clamp(22px, 7vw, 80px) clamp(42px, 7vw, 72px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-hero h1 {
  max-width: 920px;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(48px, 8vw, 96px);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.055em;
  line-height: 0.94;
}

.research-lead {
  max-width: 720px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: clamp(18px, 2.2vw, 22px);
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.research-lead strong {
  color: var(--text);
}

.research-byline {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px 18px;
  margin: 0;
  padding-top: 4px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.research-byline span + span::before {
  margin-right: 18px;
  content: "·";
}

.research-key-findings {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--line);
}

.research-key-finding {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
  min-height: 190px;
  padding: clamp(22px, 4vw, 36px);
  background: var(--panel-bg);
  align-content: space-between;
}

.research-key-finding strong {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(34px, 5vw, 56px);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.research-key-finding p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.research-key-finding small {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  line-height: 1.45;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-reading-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(160px, 210px) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(32px, 6vw, 72px);
  padding: clamp(36px, 7vw, 80px);
}

.research-toc {
  align-self: start;
  position: sticky;
  top: 24px;
}

.research-toc p,
.research-mobile-toc summary {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-toc ol,
.research-mobile-toc ol {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  counter-reset: research-toc;
}

.research-toc li,
.research-mobile-toc li {
  counter-increment: research-toc;
}

.research-toc a,
.research-mobile-toc a {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 22px 1fr;
  gap: 7px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.research-toc a::before,
.research-mobile-toc a::before {
  content: counter(research-toc, decimal-leading-zero);
}

.research-toc a:hover,
.research-mobile-toc a:hover {
  color: var(--text);
}

.research-mobile-toc {
  display: none;
}

.research-body {
  min-width: 0;
}

.research-section + .research-section {
  margin-top: clamp(88px, 12vw, 144px);
}

.research-section-heading {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 40px minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 12px;
  align-items: baseline;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  padding-bottom: 14px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-section-number,
.research-section-period {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.research-section-number {
  color: var(--research-accent);
}

.research-section-heading h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(34px, 5vw, 52px);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.research-section > p,
.research-section > ul,
.research-source-list,
.research-figure figcaption {
  max-width: 720px;
}

.research-section > p,
.research-section > ul {
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.research-section > p {
  margin: 18px 0 0;
}

.research-section strong {
  font-weight: 700;
}

.research-figure {
  margin: 28px 0 0;
}

.research-figure figcaption {
  margin-top: 14px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.research-directions {
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius-card);
}

.research-direction {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 44px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 10px 16px;
  padding: clamp(22px, 4vw, 34px);
}

.research-direction + .research-direction {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-direction-symbol {
  color: var(--research-accent);
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 34px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1;
}

.research-direction h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(24px, 4vw, 36px);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.08;
}

.research-direction p {
  grid-column: 2;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.58;
}

.research-direction p strong {
  color: var(--text);
}

.research-conclusion {
  margin-top: 18px;
  padding: 20px 22px;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--research-accent);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--research-accent) 8%, transparent);
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(20px, 3vw, 28px);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.research-stat-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 12px;
}

.research-stat {
  display: grid;
  gap: 12px;
  min-height: 220px;
  padding: 22px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius-card);
  align-content: space-between;
}

.research-stat-value {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(34px, 5vw, 52px);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.research-stat-value.is-positive {
  color: var(--research-positive);
}

.research-stat-description {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.research-stat-source {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  line-height: 1.45;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-stat.is-link {
  position: relative;
  color: inherit;
  transition: border-color 160ms ease, transform 160ms ease;
}

.research-stat.is-link::after {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 14px 14px auto auto;
  color: var(--muted);
  content: "↗";
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.research-stat.is-link:hover {
  border-color: var(--research-accent);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.research-stat.is-link:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--research-accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

.research-caveat {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
}

.research-formula {
  padding: clamp(26px, 5vw, 42px);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius-card);
  text-align: center;
}

.research-formula strong {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(24px, 4vw, 38px);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.research-formula b {
  color: var(--research-accent);
}

.research-formula p {
  margin: 12px auto 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
}

.research-speed-figure {
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius-card);
}

.research-speed-equation {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px 18px;
  align-items: baseline;
  padding: clamp(26px, 6vw, 54px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background:
    linear-gradient(var(--canvas-grid) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, var(--canvas-grid) 1px, transparent 1px),
    var(--canvas-bg);
  background-size: 28px 28px;
}

.research-speed-equation strong,
.research-speed-equation b {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(38px, 7vw, 72px);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.045em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.research-speed-equation strong {
  color: var(--research-accent);
}

.research-speed-equation span {
  color: var(--research-signal);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: clamp(24px, 4vw, 42px);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.research-speed-figure-meta {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 14px clamp(20px, 4vw, 32px);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-speed-figure .research-stat-grid {
  padding: clamp(20px, 4vw, 32px);
}

.research-trust-list {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-trust-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 18px;
  align-items: baseline;
  padding: 15px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-trust-row span {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.research-trust-row strong {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 600;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.research-principles {
  display: grid;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  list-style: none;
  counter-reset: research-principles;
}

.research-principles li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 38px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 10px 18px;
  padding: 24px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  counter-increment: research-principles;
}

.research-principles li::before {
  grid-row: 1 / span 2;
  color: var(--research-accent);
  content: counter(research-principles, decimal-leading-zero);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.research-principles h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-principles p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.research-table-scroll {
  overflow-x: auto;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius-card);
}

.research-myths {
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 760px;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}

.research-myths th,
.research-myths td {
  padding: 16px 18px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-align: left;
  vertical-align: top;
}

.research-myths tr:last-child td {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.research-myths th {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-myths s {
  color: var(--research-negative);
}

.research-verdict {
  color: var(--research-positive);
}

.research-swipe-hint {
  display: none;
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.research-quote {
  margin: 42px 0 0;
  padding: 8px 0 8px 24px;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--research-accent);
}

.research-quote p {
  max-width: 680px;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(23px, 4vw, 34px);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.research-quote footer {
  margin-top: 12px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.research-source-list {
  display: grid;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  list-style: none;
}

.research-source-list a {
  display: grid;
  gap: 5px;
  padding: 18px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-source-list a:hover strong {
  color: var(--research-accent);
}

.research-source-list strong {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 19px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.research-source-list span,
.research-source-list small {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.research-source-list small {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.research-method-note {
  margin-top: 48px;
  padding-top: 20px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.research-next {
  display: grid;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-top: clamp(72px, 10vw, 120px);
  padding-top: 28px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-next span {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-next strong {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(28px, 4vw, 42px);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-next:hover strong {
  color: var(--research-accent);
}

.research-pagination {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .research-card,
  .research-stat.is-link {
    transition: none;
  }
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  .research-theme-speed {
    --research-accent: oklch(78% 0.12 245);
    --research-positive: oklch(76% 0.14 150);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 840px) {
  .research-reading-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-toc {
    display: none;
  }

  .research-mobile-toc {
    display: block;
    padding: 18px 0;
    border-block: 1px solid var(--line);
  }

  .research-mobile-toc summary {
    min-height: var(--control-target);
    margin: 0;
    cursor: pointer;
    align-content: center;
  }

  .research-mobile-toc[open] summary {
    margin-bottom: 14px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 719px) {
  .research-index,
  .research-article-page {
    width: min(100%, 430px);
  }

  .research-intro {
    padding: 64px 8px 28px;
  }

  .research-intro h1 {
    font-size: 52px;
  }

  .research-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    padding-bottom: 24px;
  }

  .research-cover {
    min-height: 210px;
  }

  .research-index-note {
    margin-bottom: 56px;
  }

  .research-paper {
    border-radius: 10px;
  }

  .research-hero {
    padding: 34px 20px 42px;
  }

  .research-hero h1 {
    font-size: 48px;
  }

  .research-theme-speed .research-hero h1 {
    font-size: 43px;
  }

  .research-byline {
    display: grid;
  }

  .research-byline span + span::before {
    display: none;
  }

  .research-key-findings,
  .research-stat-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-key-finding {
    min-height: 150px;
  }

  .research-reading-layout {
    gap: 42px;
    padding: 34px 20px 48px;
  }

  .research-section-heading {
    grid-template-columns: 32px minmax(0, 1fr);
  }

  .research-section-period {
    grid-column: 2;
  }

  .research-direction {
    grid-template-columns: 34px minmax(0, 1fr);
  }

  .research-direction p {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }

  .research-swipe-hint {
    display: block;
  }

  .research-trust-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 6px;
  }

  .research-pagination {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0;
  }
}

@media print {
  .site-header,
  .post-breadcrumb,
  .research-toc,
  .research-mobile-toc,
  .research-next {
    display: none;
  }

  .research-page,
  .research-paper,
  .research-key-finding,
  .research-stat {
    background: white;
    color: black;
    box-shadow: none;
  }

  .research-paper {
    border: 0;
  }

  .research-reading-layout {
    display: block;
    padding: 36px 0;
  }

  .research-section {
    break-inside: auto;
  }

  .research-section-heading,
  .research-figure,
  .research-speed-figure,
  .research-stat,
  .research-principles li {
    break-inside: avoid;
  }

  .research-table-scroll {
    overflow: visible;
  }

  .research-myths {
    min-width: 0;
  }

  .research-theme-speed {
    --research-accent: black;
    --research-positive: black;
  }

  a {
    color: black;
  }
}